review · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
Industrial development has increased contaminants in aquatic bodies, rendering them unsuitable for diverse life forms. Rising environmental awareness drives the search for sustainable, low-cost, and efficient wastewater treatment options to satisfy global water demand. Clays and clay-based geopolymers serve as natural, alternative adsorbents aligned with low-carbon objectives. Research demonstrates continuous progress in synthesis strategies, characterisation methods, and decontamination applications for both inorganic and organic water pollutants. Established adsorption mechanisms explain how these eco-friendly materials capture contaminants during treatment. Furthermore, aligning clay-based geopolymer usage with circular economy models and waste-to-wealth principles presents new opportunities alongside distinct technical challenges. Leveraging these materials supports broader sustainable development goals while offering an eco-friendly pathway to remediating degraded water bodies.
Safe and accessible water is vital to global communities, yet industrial pollutants continuously compromise water supplies. Traditional remediation approaches can be expensive or carbon-intensive. Using abundant, clay-based geopolymer materials offers a sustainable, low-carbon route to purifying contaminated water bodies, helping to protect aquatic ecosystems, meet rising water demands, and support environmental remediation through waste-to-wealth initiatives.
Clay-based geopolymers could serve industrial wastewater treatment operators and municipal water purification facilities seeking low-cost, eco-friendly adsorbents for organic and inorganic pollutants. Because the abstract details ongoing synthesis, characterisation, and mechanism research alongside critical challenges, the technology appears to be at an early to intermediate stage of readiness. Realising practical deployment will depend on resolving these operational challenges and establishing viable waste-to-wealth supply models.
AI-generated from the published abstract. Always read the original work before citing.
In the present era of significant industrial development, the presence and dispersal of countless water contaminants in water bodies worldwide have rendered them unsuitable for various forms of life. Recently, the awareness of environmental sustainability for wastewater treatment has increased rapidly in quest of meeting the global water demand. Despite numerous conventional adsorbents on deck, exploring low-cost and efficient adsorbents is interesting. Clays and clays-based geopolymers are intensively used as natural, alternative, and promising adsorbents to meet the goals for combating climate change and providing low carbon, heat, and power. In this narrative work, the present review highlights the persistence of some inorganic/organic water pollutants in aquatic bodies. Moreover, it comprehensively summarizes the advancement in the strategies associated with synthesizing clays and their based geopolymers, characterization techniques, and applications in water treatment. Furthermore, the critical challenges, opportunities, and future prospective regarding the circular economy are additionally outlined. This review expounded on the ongoing research studies for leveraging these eco-friendly materials to address water decontamination. The adsorption mechanisms of clays-based geopolymers are successfully presented. Therefore, the present review is believed to deepen insights into wastewater treatment using clays and clays-based geopolymers as a groundbreaking aspect in accord with the waste-to-wealth concept toward broader sustainable development goals.
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DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11303-9
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