A comprehensive review of nanoferrite-reinforced EPDM/silicone rubber blends: Phase compatibility, multifunctional properties, and emerging applications

Abstract

This review critically examines the synergistic potential of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and silicone rubber (SR) blends reinforced with nanoferrite particles for the development of multifunctional engineering composites. Although EPDM and SR individually exhibit excellent environmental resistance and thermal stability, respectively, their inherent immiscibility poses a major challenge for high-performance applications. This work consolidates and critically analyzes the dispersed literature to elucidate phase behavior, interfacial interactions, and composition–property relationships governing EPDM/SR/nanoferrite systems. Fundamental principles of rubber blending are discussed, with emphasis on compatibilization strategies to overcome polarity mismatches, alongside the role of nanoferrites as multifunctional fillers enhancing mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic properties. The analysis highlights that effective interfacial stabilization achieved through approaches such as maleic anhydride-grafted EPDM and dynamic vulcanization is central to performance optimization. By identifying current limitations and outlining future research directions, including sustainable material alternatives and additive manufacturing technologies, this review provides a structured framework for the rational design of high-performance, eco-friendly elastomeric nanocomposites for automotive, aerospace, and electronic applications.