article · Environmental Science and Pollution Research
Coastal zones in Bangladesh, which sustain high population densities, face severe heavy metal contamination across soils, water, sediment, and marine life. A synthesis of dispersed research shows that concentrations of metals such as cobalt, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, manganese, iron, and nickel frequently surpass permissible safety limits across coastal sites. Critical contamination hotspots include the Karnaphuli River estuary and the Sitakundu ship-breaking area, where coastal sediments act as primary sinks for hazardous pollutants. In these locations, chromium reaches particularly high levels in both sediment and water. Furthermore, sedentary and bottom-dwelling marine organisms, specifically gastropods and shrimp, accumulate significantly higher quantities of heavy metals than other marine species. Evaluating these dispersed findings highlights critical research bottlenecks concerning the ongoing ecological threats within these coastal waters.
Heavy metal pollution in densely populated coastal zones poses severe risks to marine ecology and public health. Because metals accumulate heavily in commercially harvested seafood such as shrimp and bottom-dwelling species, toxic contaminants directly enter the human food chain. Pinpointing these hotspots is critical for directing environmental protection measures, managing industrial waste, and safeguarding vulnerable coastal communities.
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The coastal zone of Bangladesh, with a population density of 1278 people per square kilometer, is under serious threat due to heavy metal pollution. To date, many studies have been conducted on the heavy metal contamination in soils, water, aquatic animals, and plants in the coastal zone of Bangladesh; however, the available information is dispersed. In this study, previous findings on the contamination levels, distributions, risks, and sources of heavy metals in sediments and organisms were summarized for the first time to present the overall status of heavy metal pollution along coastal regions. Earlier research found that the concentrations of various heavy metals (HMs), particularly Co, Cd, Pb, Cu, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Ni in water, sediment, and fish in most coastal locations, were above their permissible limits. High concentrations of HMs were observed in sediments and water, like Cr of 55 mg/kg and 86.93 mg/l in the ship-breaking areas and Karnaphuli River, respectively, in coastal regions of Bangladesh. Heavy metals severely contaminated the Karnaphuli River estuary and ship-breaking area on the Sitakundu coast, where sediments were the ultimate sink of high concentrations of metals. Sedentary or bottom-dwelling organisms like gastropods and shrimp had higher levels of heavy metals than other organisms. As a result, the modified PRISMA review method was used to look at the critical research gap about heavy metal pollution in Bangladesh's coastal areas by analyzing the current research trends and bottlenecks.
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DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22122-9
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