article · Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has a long history of use in traditional medicine. A comprehensive review of scientific databases details the plant distribution, chemical constituents, and medicinal properties. Every part of the plant contains diverse phytochemicals. Roots contain glycosides, tannins, phytosterols, fixed oils, fats, flavonoids, saponins, gums, and mucilages. Leaves provide alkaloids, reducing sugars, resins, and sterols, while the stems yield beta-sitosterol, teraxeryl acetate, cyclic sterculic, and malvalic acids. Flowers feature riboflavin, thiamine, apigenidine, oxalic acid, citric acid, quercetin, niacin, pelargonidine, and ascorbic acid. These varied compounds support numerous pharmacological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, anticancer, antifungal, antifertility, hair growth-promoting, and antidepressant effects. Furthermore, toxicological assessments show that extracts from the plant remain safe even at higher doses.
Understanding the chemical profile and therapeutic breadth of widespread traditional plants provides a validated basis for developing plant-derived interventions. Identifying which specific plant parts carry active molecules helps streamline natural product research for addressing metabolic, microbial, and inflammatory disorders safely.
The plant shows early-stage potential for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and personal care applications, such as hair growth formulations or metabolic health treatments. Prospective users include natural product formulators and drug discovery teams. However, because this work is a review of literature rather than a specific formulation trial, practical commercial use remains at an early exploratory stage.
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Abstract: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (H. rosa-sinensis) has been largely used in traditional medicine. This study aims to review the pharmacological and phytochemical properties of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L and also summarize the pharmacological, photochemical, and toxicological characteristics of H. rosa-sinensis. The current review focuses on the distribution, chemical content, and main uses of H. rosa-sinensis. Various scientific databases, including ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, etc., were used. Correct plant names were verified from plantlist.org. The results were interpreted, analyzed, and documented based on bibliographic information. This plant has been frequently used in conventional medicine due to its high concentration of phytochemicals. All its parts contain numerous chemical compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, anthocyanins, saponins, cyclopeptide alkaloids, and vitamins. More interestingly, the roots of this plant contain glycosides, tannins, phytosterols, fixed oils, fats, flavonoids, saponins, gums, and mucilages. The leaves contain alkaloids, glycosides, reducing sugars, fat, resin, and sterols. The stem contains other chemical compounds, such as ß-sitosterol, teraxeryl acetate, cyclic sterculic, and malvalic acids. Finally, the flowers contain riboflavin, thiamine, apigenidine, oxalic acid, citric acid, quercetin, niacin, pelargonidine, and ascorbic acid. This species has a wide variety of pharmacological applications, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antifertility, antifungal, anticancer, hair growth-promoting, antihyperlipidemic, reproductive, neurobehavioral, antidepressant, and antipyretic activities. Finally, toxicological studies have shown that higher doses of extracts from the plant are safe.
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DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230522113405
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